Liquid-fuel burner.



PATBNTED MAY 16, 1905.

A. C. CUNNINGHAM.

` LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED :030.17, 1904.

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wwwmvtw @VH1/momo IINTTnn STATns Patented May 16, 1905,

ANDREW C. CUNNINGHAM, OF ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 789,964, dated May 16, 1905.

Application ilerl December 17, 1904:. Serial No. 237,237.

T 0 cl/ZZ ww'm/ it 711,607/ concern:

Be it known that I, ANDREW C. CUNNING- HAM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Annapolis, Anne Arundel county, State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The particular object of the present construction is to adapt the burner to the heavier grades of oil and other viscous fuels, such as tar, and to insure the finest possible division and separation of the fuel with freedom from liability of the burner to clog by the burning or baking of the fuel in the barrel.

The construction is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure l is a central longitudinal section. Fig. 2 is a rear or breech end view, and Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are details of different forms of diapliragms that may be used between the breech and the barrel.

As shown in the drawings, the breech Z is made in the form of a short chambered hub having a central opening for the oil-inlet pipe and one or more peripheral openings a for pipes to admit steam, air, or other spraying medium in the form of an aeriform iiuid under pressure. The breech is provided with a long tapering barrel or nozzle (t, thatis screw-threaded into the front end of the hub and is removable to permit of being interchanged with barrels of different lengths and varying sizes of muzzle-orifice and dilferent angles of contraction or taper of its inner walls. Interiorly the barrel is provided with a cylindrical portion Zai near its rear end and has a uniform taper from this point to its muzzle. Exteriorly it may be of any form, but is preferably conical, with a hexagonal base for a wrench.

The front end of the breech-chamber has a iiange c at the base of the interiorly-threaded neck where the barrel is attached, and against this fiange and secured in position by the rear end of the barrel is a diaphragm d, having a central openin g of considerably restricted area as compared with that of both the breechchamber and the barrel. The fuel-feed pipe c projects from the breech-chamber through this restricted opening and extends well forward into the tapered portion of the nozzle beyond its cylindrical portion, as shown in Fig. l. The fuel is delivered from this pipe through a series of fine orifices in its side walls near the front end, the position of these orifices being preferably staggered or located so that no two shall lie inthe same line lengthwise of the pipe, and a screw-stopper e is threaded into the open delivery end of the pipe, so as to close or open more or less of the fuel-orifices. The size of the opening in the diaphragm will depend largely upon the kind of sprayingmedium employed and the pressure under which it is delivered, and as both these factors will vary with the kind and quality of fuel employed the exact size for each burner will depend mainly upon the conditions under which it is used. Fig. 3 shows the same diaphragm that is seen in Fig. 1. Fig. t shows a diaphragm having a larger opening, and Fig. 5 shows a diaphragm having' a small central opening combined with still smaller openings outlying the central one. The fuel-discharge orifices being in the side wallsof the pipe, the

oil or whatever other fuel is employed will be.

projected radially outward toward the inner walls of the nozzle in the form of jets, and the particular purpose of the restricted opening in the diaphragm is to cause the spraying lnedium to be projected against the fuel-pipe and to hug the same and pass along it in an envelop having high velocity, so as to strike the jets of fuel at right angles and shear them off and abruptly break them up and prevent the fuel from adhering to or lodging on the walls of the nozzle. As will be seen from the drawings, the diaphragm forms one wall of a welldefined chamber in the breech that is connected with the barrel only through the restricted opening above described, and as the nozzle and diaphragm are both removable ready access is afforded to the interior of the burner.

The construction being as thus described, it is to be noted that no adjustment in any of the parts of the burner is required after the barrel, diaphragm, and fuel-oriticcs have been IOO properly positioned and proportioned forexisting conditions. It is also to be noted that the fuel-pipe, nozzle, and diaphragm all being removable, differentlengths or sizes of any of the parts may be employed in the same burner and that access to the interior of the burner is readily afforded without disturbing any of its connections. For these reasons the burner can be heated nearly to the meltingpoint without injurious derangement of action, and as the fuel-pipe is completely inelosed in an envelop of the spraying' medium the liquid fuel in the pipe cannot be raised above the temperature of this medium, and therefore cannot bake in or gum up the pipe. Neither can it cake on or adhere to the walls of the nozzle, as the undiluted fuel never comes in contact therewith, being efl'ectually deflected and broken up by the spraying' medium immediately on issuing from the jet-orifices in the pipe.

The spraying medium and fuel are controlled and regulated by valves independent of the burner and possibly at a considerable distance away. rlhe air or steam is lirst turned on and then the fuel, and as the latter issues from theorilices itis sheared off by the spraying medium and reduced to a finely-divided state, suitable for complete and quick combustion. The arrangement of these orili ees andthe means of opening and closing more or less of them permit of the smallest possible orifice through which the fuel will pass, and, none of the orices being in line longitudinally, there is no tendency to throw any of the issuing streams of fuel together. These arrangements conduce to the linest possible division and separation of the fuel from the time it is first taken up by the spraying medium. Having been taken up by the spraying medium, the fuel is carried in a column of vapor of constantlyincreasing velocity, due to the convergence of the barrel, which increasing velocity tends to further subdivide and separate the fuel and still further prepare it for perfect and quick combustion. Vhen the spraying medium leaves the muzzle carrying the finely-divided fuel, it naturally expands and more or less quickly according to the angle of convergence of the barrel. Applying to the diverging spray and its finely-divided fuel the temperature of ignition and supplying' the necessary air to support combustion, the complete and perfect combustion of the liquid or viscous fuel is elfected.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. An injector-burner for liquid fuel, comprising a short chambered breech, a long tapering barrel or nozzle, an oil-pipe extending into the center of the barrel, an inlet for aeriform fluid into the breech, and a restricted opening between the barrel and breech to direct the aeriform fluid upon and cause it to follow the oil-pipe, said opening being smaller. than the barrel.

2. An injector-burner for liquid fuel, comprising a short chambered breech, a long tapering barrel or nozzle, an oil-pipe extending into the center of the barrel, an inlet for aeriform fluid into the breech, orifices in the lateral walls of the pipe for discharging radial jets of fuel, and a restricted opening between the barrel and the breech to cause the aeriform fluid to shear off the jets of fuel issuing from the pipe-orices and prevent the accumulation thereof on the walls of the nozzle.

3. An injector-burner for liquid fuel, comprising a short chambered breech, a long tapering barrel or nozzle, an oil-pipe extending into the center of the barrel, an inlet for aeriform fluid into the breech, and a restricted opening between the barrel and breech, the barrel having a short cylindrical portion beyoud and larger than the opening, and the oil pipe extending through the restricted opening into the tapered portion of the barrel, the barrel tapering gradually from the cylindrical part to the tip.

4. An injector-burner for liquid fuel, comprising a short chambered breech, a long tapering barrel or nozzle, an oil-pipe extending into the center of the barrel, an inlet for aeriform fluid into the breech, orifices in the lateral walls of the pipe for discharging radial jets of fuel, a stopper screwing into the end of the pipe to close more yor less of said orifices, and a diaphragm between the nozzle and the breech having a central restricted opening' through which the oil-pipe and aeriform fluid passes, the nozzle, diaphragm and .stopper being removable.

In testimony whereof I aflx my signature in presence of two witnesses.

'ANDRE/V C. CUNNINGHAM.

Witnesses:

JAS. A. TAI/DON, DAN. H. NicHoLs.

IOC 

